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O Brasil alcançou 45 medicamentos e produtos à base de C4nnabis sativa
aprovados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) desde 2020, mostra levantamento da coluna com base em dados da autarquia. O número cresceu 76% em dois anos: eram 25 nas farmácias em 2022 e mais 19 em 2024. Além deles, o mais recente recebeu aval neste ano.
Os medicamentos e produtos à base de m4conha receberam indicação para esclerose múltipla e epilepsia grave em bula, por exemplo. Médicos, porém, têm prescrito de forma off label (fora da bula) para Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e doenças como d3pressão, esqu1zofrenia e fibromialgia, entre outras.
Enquanto outros países avançam na regulamentação do uso medicinal da Cannabis, o Brasil enfrenta desafios. Um deles é o alto custo. Num Congresso considerado conservador, os avanços em relação à regulamentação da C4nnabis medicinal viriam do Poder Judiciário, dizem especialistas. Pautas do tipo não devem prosperar na Câmara ou no Senado.
Um exemplo disso é que o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) manteve a tese sobre a descriminalização da m4conha para uso pessoal em fevereiro em que presume que um usuário porta até 40g de C4nnabis sativa ou seis plantas-fêmeas. Essa decisão ratifica a que foi tomada em julgamento ocorrido em junho de 2024.
Antes disso, era necessário que houvesse a concessão de habeas corpus (HCs) para pacientes que cultivassem a planta em casa para uso próprio. Assim, os salvos-condutos impediam que essas pessoas fossem processadas.
A 1ª Seção do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), por sua vez, enfrentou o tema em novembro de 2024, quando permitiu a importação de sementes e o cultivo do cânhamo industrial (hemp), destinado a fins terapêuticos. Esse caso, que tinha a ministra Regina Helena Costa como relatora, abordava a regulamentação do plantio por empresas.
? Aline Massuca/Metrópoles
